【作者简介】
魏汉涛,中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院博士研究生。
【注释】See Jeremy Horder,Provocation and Responsibility,Oxford University Press.1992,pp.23—24,p.44.
Dressier Joshua,Understanding Criminal Law,2nd,ed.,Irwin Professional Publishing,1995,p.491.
See Wayne R.Lafave&Austin W.Scott,Jr,,Criminal Law,2nd,ed.,West Publishing Co.,1986,p.654.
See Cynthia Lee,Murder and the Reasonable Man:Passion and Fear in the Criminal Courtroom,NYU Press,2003,p.34,pp.227—229,p.207,p.39,p.32.
See Model Penal Code § 210.3 cmt,at 49—50(1962),76.
参见乔治·弗莱彻:《反思
刑法》,邓子滨译,华夏出版社2008年版,第551页,第561页。
See Douglas Husak,The Philosophy of Criminal Law:Selected Essays,Oxford University Press,2010,p.314.
See Dressier Joshua,Provocation:Explaining and Justifying the Defense in Partial Excuse,Loss of Self—Control Terms,In Paul H.Robinson,Stephen P.Garvey,Kimberly Kessler Ferzan,Edited,Criminal Law Conversations,Oxford University Press,2009,pp.322—323,p.320.
See Dressler Joshua,Rethinking Heart of Passion:A Defense in Search of a Rationale,Journal Criminal Law&Criminology,Vol.73,1982.
See H.L.A.Hart,Punishment and Responsibility,Clarendon Press,1968,p.33.
See Berman,Mitchell N.and Parrell,Ian P.,Provocation as Partial Justification and Partial Excuse,The University of Texas School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series Number 166,2010,p.18,p.27,p.27.
See Andrew Von Hirshand Nils Jareborg,Provocation and Culpability,in Responsibility,Character and the Emotions,Ferdinand Schoeman ed.,1987,p.248.
See Dressier Joshua,Provocation:Partial Justification or Partial Excuse?The Modern Law Review,Vol.4,1988.
See Bedau,The Right to Life,52 Monist 550(1968),p.570.
See Moore,Michael S,Act and Crime:The Philosophy of Action and Its Implication For Criminallaw,Clarendon Press,1993.p.71.
See Bergelson Vera,Victims’Right and Victims’Wrongs:Comparative Liability in Criminal Law,Stanford Press.2009,p.62,p.31,p.9,pp.32—33.
See Bergelson Vera,Victims and Perpetrators:An Argument for Comparative Liability in Criminal Law,Buff.Criminal Law Review,Vol.8,2005.
齐文远、魏汉涛:《论被害人过错影响定罪量刑的根据》,《西南政法大学学报》2008年第1期。
参见陈兴良:《被害人有过错的故意杀人罪的死刑裁量研究——从被害与加害的关系切入》,《当代法学》2004年第2期。
转引自E.博登海默,《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》,邓正来译,中国政法大学出版社1998年版,第277页。
美国刑法理论采用的是理性人标准,但“理性”一词的含义比较丰富,因为“理性人”有时被视为“普通人”,而“普通人”有时也会基于不可抑制的冲动行事,并非理性。另外,“理性人/普通人”其实是一个中等性情的人,并不十分好战,在遇到挑衅时保持冷静,具有中等智商。参见约书亚·德雷斯勒:《美国刑法精解》,王秀梅等译,北京大学出版社2009年版,第495页。
See Cynthia Lee,Reasonable Provocation and Self—defense:Recognizing the Distinction between Act Reasonableness and Emotion Reasonableness,In Paul H.Robinson,Stephen P.Garvey,Kimberly Kessler Ferzan,Edited,Criminal Law Conversations,Oxford University Press,2009,p.428,p.429,p.429.
Caroline A Forell&Donna M.Matthews,A Law of her Own:The Reasonable Woman as A Measute of Man,New York University Press,2000,p.188.
See Perkin,Rollin M.and Ronald N.,Criminal Law,3rd,ed.,Mineola,Foundation Press,1982,p.69.
See Holmes V.Dir.Of Pub,Prosecutions【1946】2 All E.R.124,127.