我国无权处分制度的重构
reconstruction for our system of the non-right disposition
陈相师
【摘要】作为“法学上之精灵”的无权处分制度是《
合同法》颁布以来倍受争议的一项制度。如何完善我国的无权处分制度已成为民法学界所争论的的热门话题。本文通过对不同的物权变动模式下无权处分内涵及其效力的界定，并结合对我国《
合同法》第
51条规定的评析，认为无处分权人与第三人订立的合同应该是有效的，其处分行为效力待定。若经权利人追认或无处分权人在订立合同后取得处分权的，该处分行为有效，否则，该处分行为无效，但法律另有规定的除外。笔者又从体系化的角度协调了无权处分制度与善意取得制度的关系，并通过参照无权代理制度来进一步完善我国的无权处分制度。最后，笔者拟制出我国无权处分制度的立法建议。（System of the non-right disposition,as”spirit of law” ,has evoked much controversy since contract law was issued .At present,how to perfect the unauthorized disposition system in our country has become a hot topic in civillaw field .This article discusses about the content and validity of the non-right disposition in different system of real right changing,analyzing and valuing the article 51 of contract law .The author holds onto the opinion that the contract of unauthorized disposition should be valid ,but the non-right disposition action,whose validity is probable to be decided , will become valid action in the condition of obligee admit posthumously , or disposer without right obtains the right after the contract concluded.Otherwise,the disposition action is invalid,except as otherwise provided by law .The author also analyses how the unauthorized disposition system assorts systematically with the bona fide gaining system. Finally , by the unauthorized agency’s system , the author tries to further perfect the non-right disposition system in our country , and gives the relative advice legislatively . ）
【关键词】无权处分；效力待定；负担行为；处分行为（non-right dispositionvalidity to be decidedburden actiondisposition action）
【全文】
“‘出卖他人之物’可谓是法学上之精灵，困扰实务界数十年，为期驯服，非彻底究明其“本性”，不克济事。”1[P106]无权处分问题是民法中较为复杂的问题，民法学界对无权处分问题争论主要涉及以下几个问题：不同物权变动模式下，无权处分的内涵与效力应如何界定？我国的无权处分制度存在哪些缺陷？如何完善我国的无权处分制度？随着我国民法典制定进程逐步推进，弄清这些复杂而重要的问题就愈显迫切了。
一、不同模式下无权处分内涵及其效力的界定
