作为一个法治后发国家，我国的证据法和证据法学研究目前处在一个急剧变动的时期，从证据法规范层面看，诉讼构造的转型激发了我国司法实践对证据规则的需求，不仅立法机关在进行大量的实质意义上的证据立法，学者也纷纷献计献策，起草证据法的建议稿。[41]从某种意义上来看，我国证据法规范正处于一个成长和借鉴阶段，对于规范与学说的移植和研究既不可避免也很有必要。但是，由于英美证据法悠久的研究传统和庞大的理论体系，我们在借鉴和研究过程中往往忘却规范和学说所附着的英美证据法的整体背景，从而导致许多误读和不必要的争论。当代英美证据法研究背后实际上有一个很深厚的历史背景，任何一项重要的研究成果除了回应当代社会所面临的问题之外，还要回应整个理论传统所提出的问题。因此，在理解英美证据法学者的一些重要观点时，应当将之置于整个研究传统中。只有这样，才能更好地理解英美证据法研究，也才能尽可能避免使我们的证据法研究建立在错误的基础之上。

See Roger C. Park＆Michael J. Saks, Evidence Scholarship Reconsidered: Results of the Interdisciplinary Turn,47 B. C. L. Rev. 949 (2006).
英国证据法学家威廉·特文宁将这一特征称之为“证据法研究的理性主义传统”。See William Twining, Re-thinking Evidence: Explorary Essays, 2 ed, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 35-99.
See J. D. Jackson, Two Methods of Proof in Criminal Procedure, Modern Law Review, Vol.51 ,No.5，1988,pp.549-568；Jonathan Cohen, Freedom of Proof, in William Twining＆Alex Stein（eds.）,Evidence and Proof, New York University Press, 1992, p. 3.
William Twining, Theories of Evidence： Bentham and Wigmore, Standford University Press,1985，pp.66-74.
J. B. Thayer, A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at Common Law, Little, Brown and Company, 1969, p.314.
John Henry Wigmore, Evidence in Trial at Common Law, Little, Brown and Company, 1983，p. 689.
关于塞耶和威格摩尔对美国证据法典化的影响，参见Eleanor Swift, One Hundred Years of Evidence Law Re-form:Thayer’ s Triumph, 88 Cal. L. Rev. 2437(2000)．
William Twining, Rethinking Evidence: Explorary Essays, 2ed.， Cambridge University Press, 2006, chapter 6.
See John H. Langbein, The Orgins of Adversary Criminal Trial, Oxford University Press, 2003 , chapter 4．关于传闻规则参见Thomas P. Gallanis:《现代证据法的兴起》，吴洪淇译，载《证据科学》2008年第1期。
Geoffrey Gibert, The Law of Evidence, in Classics of English Legal History in the Modern Era, selected by David S.Berkowitz＆Samuel E. Thorne. Garland Publishing. 1979.pp.3-4.
James Fitzjames Stephen, A Digest of the Law of Evidence, 1 st ed.，Macmillan and Co.，1881，p. 10.
James Bradley Thayer, A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law, Little ,Brown and Company, p.530.
John Henry Wigmore, A Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law, Little,Brown and Company, 1904, perface.
William Twining, Rethinking Evidence: Explorary Essays, 2 ed.， Cambridge University Press, 2006,p.72.
“炉边归纳”（fireside inductions）一词是由心理学家鲍尔·米尔提出，主要用来描述我们从日常经验、自我反思、逸闻证据（anecdotal evidence）以及文化上所传承的理念（culturally transmitted ideas）之中而不是从严格的、系统的研究中所获得的影响和推论。See Paul Meehl, Law and the Fireside Inductions: Some Reflections of a Clinical Psychologist, 27J.SOC. ISSUES 65，65-66（1971）．
Roger C. Park＆Michael J. Saks, Evidence Scholarship Reconsidered: Results of the Interdisciplinary Turn, 47 B. C.L. Rev. 949 (2006)．
在进入20世纪之际，教义性论文占据了这些期刊中证据论文的93%。到了20世纪中叶，这一比例已经下降为79%，而到了20世纪末则只有20％的证据法论文是教义性的了。See Roger C. Park & Michael J. Saks, Evidence Schol-arship Reconsidered: Results of the Interdisciplinary Turn, 47 B. C. L. Rev. 949 (2006)．
William Twining, Theories of Evidence: Bentham and Wigmore, Standford University Press,1985，p. 1.
关于反规范论的思想传统，参见Frederick Schauer, In Defense of Rule-Based Evidence Law-And Epistemology Too, Episteme, vol. 5 , 2008 , pp. 295-305；关于证据规则的废除主义趋势，参见Alex Stein, The Refoundation of Evidence Law, 9 Can. J. L.＆Jurisprudence 279，（1996）.
William Twining, Goodbye to Lewis Elliot: The Academic Lawyer as Scholar, 15 Journal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law 2（1980）. William Twining, Rethinking Evidence: Explorary Essays, 2 ed.，Cambridge University Press, 2006,p.40.
Jeremy Bentham, Rationale of Judicial Evidence, J. S. Mill( ed.),5 vols. London, V11 Works, Part M,p.180.
吴洪淇：《边沁、威格摩尔与英美证据法的知识传统—以证据与证明的一般理论进路为核心的一个叙述》，《比较法研究》2009年第5期。
Eleanor Swift, One Hundred Years of Evidence Law Reform:Thayer’s Triumph,88 Cal. L. Rev.2437(2000)．
J. B. Thayer, A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at Common Law, Little, Brown and Company, 1969,p.47.
See Edmund M. Morgan, The Jury and The Exclusionary Rules of Evidence, 4 U. Chi. L. Rev. 247( 1937)．
John Henry Wigmore, the Science of Judicial Proof, 3 ed，Little, Brown and Company,1937，p.5.
People v. Collins, 68 Cal. 2d 319，66 Cal. Rptr 497. 163(1968)．
Richard Lempert, The New Evidence Scholarship: Analyzing the Process of Proof, 66 B. U. L. Rev. 439(1986).
See Roger C. Park＆Michael J. Saks, Evidence Scholarship Reconsidered: Results of the Interdisciplinary Turn,47B. C. L. Rev. 949 (2006)． See William Twining, Rethinking Evidence: Explorary Essays, 2ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 448.
David H. Schum:《关于证据科学的思考》，王进喜译，载《证据科学》2009年第1期。
See Jack B. Weinstein, Is there Scholarship after Death, or Are Evidence Teachers Needed after the Federal Rules?,41 MD. L. Rev. 209(1982)．
在加拿大，每年使用陪审团审判的刑事案件只占刑事案件总数的不到1%。在英格兰和威尔斯，这个比例也只有1％至2%。See Lisa Dufraimont, Evidence Law and the Jury: A Reassessment,53 McGill L. J. 199 (2008)．
Ferderick Schauer, On the Supposed Jury-Dependence of Evidence Law,155 U. Pa. L. Rev. 165 (2006)．
Dale Nance, The Best Evidence Principle,73 Iowa L. Rev. 227(1988)．
Edward J. lmwinkelried, The Worst Evidence Principle: the Best Hypothesis as to the Logical Structure of Evidence Law, 46 U. M. L. R1069(1992)．
See Alex Stein, foundations of Evidence Las，Oxford University Press, 2005，and Alex Stein, The Refoundation of Evidence Law, 9 Can. J. L.＆Jurisprudence 279(1996)．
Lisa Dufraimont, Evidence Law and the Jury: A Reassessment, 53 McGill L. J. 199 (2008)．
Frederick Schauer, In Defense of Rule-Based Evidence Law-And Epistemology Too, Episteme, vol. 5 (2008)，pp. 295-305.
参见陈光中主编：《中华人民共和国刑事证据法专家拟制稿（条文、释义与论证）》，中国法制出版社2004年版；江伟主编：《中国证据法草案及立法理由书（建议稿）》，中国人民大学出版社2004年版；毕玉谦等：《中国证据法草案建议稿及论证》，法律出版社2003年版；张保生主编：《＜人民法院统一证据规定＞司法解释建议稿及论证》，中国政法大学出版社2008年版。