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b. a loosen administration in most education institions
With the expanse of the university, most university put most of the fund on reconstructing the university but less money on the legal education or psychological consultantation.
For a long time, the majority of chinese people including the university students always obey the rule on the belief that committing crime is a shamful thing. According to Braithwaite''s reintegrative s‘communitarian societies tend to put heavy emphasis on group obligations and mutual trust, and to rely on normative mechanisms to control people''s behavior.’ Education institutions in China are more likely to use shame both as specific deterrence and general deterrence. Tradtioanlly speaking we accpet the moral standard on the basis of our culture and certain standard in the society forbid us frim committing the crimes. But we also have internal constraints which we used to call conscience.
Before the open door policy, many students keeps high morals under the traditional culture and univesity has undergone quite a long calm and safe period.
With the open door policy , various thought and ideas entered accompanies by the western films, books or the other medias . Now the campus is full of R& B and . The traditioanl is on the edge of breaking down thus conscience can not be used to administrate the modern univesity , thus adequate number of psycholocial intervention should be introduced.
Personal factors
Still many students keep their own way of life at such a rapid developing society and they manage to cope with the difficulty themselves. So a research into Ma’s characteristic will demonstrate there are some defecit in his personality.
Some experts identify Ma as s a “destructive murderer” because he killed innocent people just for the sake of killing. Characteristic of such people, according to them, is the desire to relieve pressure they feel by killing. To them, only through such extreme actions can they demonstrate their self-worth and resist what they perceive as societal indifference.
a. Loss of self- control
It reminds us of the self-control theory of Hirschi. Because now the social situation in China now is somewhat like that in which he created his theory in 1960s and so his theory can quite apply to what we have now in the society. Now the social control over the individual is weaker and young people no longer identify with religion, family or university education. And the conventional idea is on the breakdown. This change may have some positive aspects in that old certainties are challenged and individuals are more expected to forge their own beliefs and identities; however, it also puts pressure on flaws in people''s personalities. The control theory assumes that when one’s bond to the society is broken, people tend to commit crimes.
The explanation provided by Hirschi as to why individuals conform to or deviate from social norms entails four variables: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. By attachment, Hirschi (1969:18) refers to the extent to which a person is attached to others. As the individual becomes more attached to others, he is far less likely to become delinquent.
We can see that Ma had nothing to be attached to, because he was far away from his parents and his classmates had their own business and his teacher seemed to pay no attention to his changes too. The primary attachments and interactions are with the parents, closely followed by the attachments to peers, teachers, religious leaders, and other members of a community.
Commitment is "the rational component in conformity" (Hirschi, 1969:20). When one consider breaking the rule, he must think about the risk and the consequence but Xue, hadn’t developed a positive reputation, and had nothing to which was valuable to him, since he gained nothing, had no stake in society and had no conventional values. So he became a remorseless killer. No doubt he had more individual clinical psychological disturbances as well as those which can be interpreted in such sociological terms.
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