55. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigen is an external envelope protein of HIV-2.
56. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigen is a transmembrane protein.
57. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigen is a major core protein of HIV-2.
58. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigen is a core protein of HIV-2, other than a major core protein of HIV-2.
59. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise at least one protein or glycoprotein of HIV-2 selected from the group consisting of p16, p26, gp 36, and gp 130-140.
60. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise p16 and p26 proteins of HIV-2.
61. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise gp 36 glycoprotein of HIV-2.
62. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise gp 130-140 glycoprotein of HIV-2.
63. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise p26 protein and gp 36 glycoprotein of HIV-2.
64. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise p26 protein and gp 36 glycoprotein and gp 130-140 glycoprotein of HIV-2.
65. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens comprise p16 and p26 proteins and gp 130-140 glycoproteins of HIV-2.
66. The kit of claim 50, wherein said kit also comprises antigens indicative of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), which are capable of binding to human antibodies, in an amount sufficient to detect the presence or absence of human antibodies which bind to antigens of HIV-1, wherein said antigens comprise a mixture of protein antigen, glycoprotein antigen, and peptide antigen indicative of HIV-1.
67. The kit of claim 66, wherein the antigens of HIV-1 are selected from the group consisting of p18, p25, gp 41-43, gp 110/120, and mixtures thereof, of HIV-1.
68. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens are fixed to a water-insoluble support.
69. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens are fixed to water-insoluble spheres.
70. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens are fixed to water-insoluble agarose spheres.
71. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens are fixed to wells of a titration microplate.
72. The kit of claim 66, wherein the antigens are isolated from lysates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by affinity chromatography and fixed to a water-insoluble support.
73. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens do not immunologically cross-react with p19 protein or p24 protein of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) or of human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-II).
74. The kit of claim 50, wherein the antigens are from disrupted whole virus particles present in the lysate or isolated therefrom.
5,051,496
What is claimed is:
1. A peptide selecdted from the group consisting of env1, env2, env3, env4, env5, env6, env7, env8, env9, env10, env11 and gag1 of HIV-2, wherein said peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is encoded by a DNA fragment comprising a nucleotide sequence as follows:
STR3##
2. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env1.
3. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env2.
4. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env3.
5. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env4.
6. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env5.
7. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env6.
8. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env7.
9. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env8.
10. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env9.
11. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env10.
12. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is env11.
13. The peptide as claimed in claim 1, which is gag1.
http://www.cefic.be/position/Sec/pp_sec20.htm
European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC). THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY COMMENTS
ON THE
POSSIBLE MILLENNIUM ROUND & TRIPS
April 1999
Compulsory Licensing for Public Health Needs
The TRIPS Agenda at the WTO afterThe Doha Declaration on Public Health
Frederick M. Abbott
February 2002
Developing Members may also wish to place on the agenda of the TRIPS Council a proposal to amend Article 27:3(a) of the TRIPS Agreement to allow exceptions from patent subject matter protection regarding public health related inventions.
Developing Members should pursue an amendment of Article 8:1 of the TRIPS Agreement to make safeguards applicable to intellectual property rights consistent with safeguards applicable to goods and services. Interim waivers regarding Article 31(f), Article 30 and the last clause of Article 8:1 might precede amendment.
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm
DOHA WTO MINISTERIAL 2001: MINISTERIAL DECLARATION
WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1
20 November 2001
Ministerial declaration
Adopted on 14 November 2001
http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres02_e/pr301_e.htm
WTO NEWS: 2002 PRESS RELEASES
Press/301
28 June 2002
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: TRIPS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Council approves LDC decision with additional waiver
The WTO council responsible for intellectual property, on 27 June 2002, approved a decision extending until 2016 the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) do not have to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals.
The Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) also approved a waiver that would exempt least-developed countries from having to provide exclusive marketing rights for any new drugs in the period when they do not provide patent protection.
The waiver is to be submitted to the WTO General Council for approval on 8 July 2002.
Both decisions are part of WTO members’ ongoing efforts to ensure that intellectual property protection supports and does not obstruct poorer countries’ need to tackle serious public health problems.
“I am pleased that WTO members have acted promptly to implement this important part of the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and public health, and have seen fit to go beyond the strict reading of that declaration by also approving a draft waiver on exclusive marketing rights,” said WTO Director-General Mike Moore.
(Texts of the decision and waiver follow this introduction.)
The TRIPS Council’s decision formalizes part of paragraph 7 of the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which WTO ministers adopted on 14 November 2001 at their conference in Doha, Qatar.
The relevant part of paragraph 7 of the Doha declaration says: “We … agree that the least-developed country members will not be obliged, with respect to pharmaceutical products, to implement or apply Sections 5 and 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement or to enforce rights provided for under these Sections until 1 January 2016, without prejudice to the right of least-developed country members to seek other extensions of the transition periods as provided for in Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement. We instruct the Council for TRIPS to take the necessary action to give effect to this pursuant to Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement”.
This follows from the ministerial declaration’s opening statements: “We recognize the gravity of the public health problems afflicting many developing and least-developed countries, especially those resulting from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics.
“We stress the need for the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) to be part of the wider national and international action to address these problems.
“We recognize that intellectual property protection is important for the development of new medicines. We also recognize the concerns about its effects on prices”.
The TRIPS Agreement allows developing countries extra periods to delay providing patent protection for pharmaceuticals. But countries making use of the extra period still have to allow inventors to submit patent applications during the period (Article 70.8, sometimes called the “mailbox” provision). If a country’s health authority then approves a new drug for sale, the patent applicant has to be given exclusive marketing rights for five years even though there is no patent (Art.70.9).
The waiver exempts least developed countries from having to give these exclusive marketing rights.
More information can be found on the WTO website:
The text of the ministerial declaration
An explanation
The WTO’s TRIPS (intellectual property) Council has started work on a list of issues that ministers assigned to it at the November 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha. These include specific aspects of TRIPS and public health, geographical indications, protecting plant and animal inventions, biodiversity, traditional knowledge, the general review of the TRIPS Agreement, and technology transfer.
The TRIPS Council chairperson, Ambassador Boniface Chidyausiku of Zimbabwe, ended the meeting by handing over to his successor for the year, Amb. Eduardo Pérez Motta of Mexico.
