【作者简介】
迟德强,单位为山东大学法学院博士后流动站。
【注释】Beth Stephens,The Amorality of Profit: Transnational Corporations and Human RightsBerkley Journal of International Law,Vol. 20: 45,2002,p. 49. 前注,Beth Stephens 文,第50 页。 Anita Ramasastry,Corporate Complicity: From Nuremberg to Rangoon - An Examination of Forced Labor Cases and Their Impacton the Liability of Multinational Corporations,Berkeley Journal of International Law,Vol. 20: 91,2002,p. 121. Elsa Iwanowa 是原告方的代表,是一位比利时公民,她声称从1942 年到1945 年间在Cologne 工厂为福特汽车公司在纳粹德国的子公司从事强迫劳动,工厂的工作条件是非人道的,且从未支付工资。 即1946 年美国与其他17 国签署的《巴黎赔偿公约》,规定针对公司的个人赔偿请求只通过政府间的协商解决。 前注,Anita Ramasastry 文,第122 - 126 页。 Nicoli Nattrass,The Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Business and Apartheid: A Critical Evaluation,African Affairs,Vol. 98,No. 392 ( Jul. 1999) ,p. 375. “被控帮助实施种族隔离,要求赔偿数十亿美元”,2003 年6 月6 日《环球时报》,http: / /www. people. com. cn /GB/guoji/25 /96 /20030610 /1013414. html. Human Rights Watch,The Enron Corporation: Corporate Complicity in Human Rights Violations( 1999) ; The Price of Oil:Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities( 1999) ,www. hrw. org /reports /1999 /enron. 所谓“腊夫运河技术”是一种典型的固体废弃物无控填埋污染方法。 前注,Beth Stephens 文,第49 页。 前注,Anita Ramasastry 文,第100 页。 Anthony P. Ewing,Understanding the Global Compact Human Rights Principles,in Embedding Human Rights in BusinessPractice,A joint publication of the United Nations Global Compact Office and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner forHuman Rights,p. 40. Commentary on the Norms on the responsibility of transnational corporations and otherbusiness enterprises with regard to humanrights,UN Commission on Human Rights Sub - Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights,E/CN. 4 /Sub. 2 /2003 /38 /Rev. 2 26 Aug. 2003. Andrew Clapham and Scott Jerbi,Categories of Corporate Complicity in Human Rights Abuses,New York ,21 - 22 Mar.2001. 前注,Anthony P. Ewing 文,第40 页。 前注,Andrew Clapham and Scott Jerbi 文。 前注,Anthony P. Ewing 文,第40 页。 同注,Anita Ramasastry 文,第104 页。 The relationship between the enjoyment of human rights,in particular ,international labor and trade union rights,and theworking methods and activities of transnational corporations,Commission on Human rights Sub - commission on Prevention of Discriminationand Protection of Minorities,E/CN.4/Sub. 2/1995/11. 参见http: //www. unglobalcompact. org /HowToParticipate /Business_Participatant. 截止2011 年1 月20 日,共有2048 个公司因未履行将全球契约及其十项原则在其战略及经营活动中予以贯彻而被驱逐出全球契约。参见http: / /www. unglobalcompact. org /news /95 - 01 - 20 - 2011. The Current Development on the Norms on the Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations and other Business Enterpriseswith regard to Human Rights,The American Journal of International Law Vol. 97: 901,p. 905. Carilin F. Hillemanns,UN norms on the responsibilities of Transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regardto human rights ,German Law Journal,Vol. 04,No. 10. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations“Protect,Respect and Remedy”Framework.A/HRC/17 /31. William H. Meyer,Human Rights and MNCs: Theory Versus Quantitative Analysis,Human Rights Quaterly,Vol. 18,p. 370. 例如,我国研究跨国公司社会责任、人权责任的学者通过比较国内法( 东道国、母国) 对跨国公司人权责任的规制以及国际组织对跨国公司人权责任的立法尝试,提出在国际法层面构建跨国公司人权责任体系。参见袁文全、赵学刚: “跨国公司社会责任的国际法规制”,载《法学评论》2007 年第3 期; 李良才: 《跨国公司人权责任研究- 人权法新发展及中国的应对机制》,载《安徽大学法律评论》2009 年第1辑。
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