【作者简介】
潘晓宁，单位为华东政法大学。
【注释】Singer Manufacturing Ca v. June Manufacturing Co., 163 US 169, 16 S. Ct. 1002 (1896).
Kellogg Co. v. Nat''l Biscuit Co, 305 U.S. 111 (1983)在该案中原告曾经拥有一项专门制造枕头形状饼干的机器的专利，专利过期后，被告也生产这种枕头形状的饼干，原告认为被告侵权，美国最高法院的判决中指出：“The evidenceis persuasive that this form is functional-that the cost of the biscuit would be increased and its high qualitylessened if some other form were substituted for the pillow-shape”，从而认定原告的产品形状不应受到保护·
Inwood Labs., Inc. v. Ives Labs., Inc., 456 U.S. 844 (1982).
Inwood Labs., Inc. v. Ives Labs., Inc., 456 U.S. 844,850 n.10 (1982)，原文为“In general terms, a product featureis functional if it is essential to the use or purpose of the article or if it affects the cost or quality of the article.”
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. V. Samara Bros., Inc, 529 U.S. 205 (2000).
Margreth Barrett, Consolidating the Diffuse Paths to Trade Dress Functionality: Encountering Traffix on the Way toSears, Washington＆Lee Law Review, vol. 61, 2004.、、、Traffix Device, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc, 532 U.S. 23,31-34(2001).
Two Pesos Inc v. Taco Tabana, Inc.505 U.S. 763 (1992).
Alison Firth, Ellen Gredley, Spyros M Maniatis, Shapes as Trade Marks: Public Policy, Functional Considerationsand Consumer Perception, E.I.P.R 2001, p 86.
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV v. Remington Consumer Products Ltd, (2001) E.C.R. 1-5475.
Arnaud Folliard Monguiral, David Rogers, The Protection of Shapes by the Community Trade Mark, E.I.P.R. 2003 p170.
Mag Instrument v. OHIM (2004) E.C.R. 1-9165 (C-136102)； August Storck KG v. OHIM (2006) E.C.R 1-5677 (C-24/05) Henkel KGaA v.OHIM(2007) E.C.R 1-8109 (C-144/06)等案例。
Jenny Bergquist, Duncan Curley, Shape Trade Marks and Fast-moving Consumer Goods, E.I.P.R. 2008, p 19.
Alexander Von Muhlendahl, Community Trade Mark Riddles: Territoriality and Unitary Character, E.I.P.R. 2008 p66.
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV v. Remington Consumer Products Ltd, (2001) E.C.R. 1-5475，该判决中的第16段。

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