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基于减排目标的贸易限制措施与WTO义务的一致性

【作者简介】
黄小喜(1975—),男,湖南新宁人,湖南师范大学法学院国际法学博士研究生,湖南第一师范学院副教授,湖南弘一律师事务所律师,从事国际私法,民商法研究。郑远民(1966—),男,湖南新宁人,湖南师范大学教授,博士研究生导师,从事国际私法、民商法研究。
【注释】See Pauwelyn, J. Conflict of Norms in Public International Law: How WTO Law Relates to Other Norms of International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,2003:473,491.
See Marceau, G. Conflicts of Norms and Conflicts of Jurisdictions: The Relationship between WTO Agreement and MEAs and Other Treaties. Journal of World Trade,2001:1130.
See Van den Bossche, P. The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Text, Cases and Materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008:128-129.
每个行业几乎都有些小企业,它们专心关注市场上被大企业忽略的某些细小部分,在这些小市场上通过专业化经营来获取最大限度的收益,也就是在大企业的夹缝中求得生存和发展。这种有利的市场位置在西方称之为“Niche”,通常译作“利基”。占据这种市场位置的企业,称为市场利基者。菲利普,科特勤在《营销管理》中给利基下的定义:利基是更窄地确定某些群体,这是一个小市场并且它的需要没有被服务好,或者说“有获取利益的基础”。
【参考文献】{1}R. Howe, e, P van Bork and C. Hedebrand. WTO Disciplines and Biofuels: Opportunities and Constraints in the Creation of a Global Marketplace{R}.IPC Discussion Paper, October 2006:139.
{2}Van den Boesche, P., Schrijver, N. et G. Faber. Unilateral measures addressing non-trade concerns: a study on WTO consistency, relevance of other international agreements, economic effectiveness and impact on developing countries of measures concerning non-product-related processes and production methods{R}.The Hague: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.2007:24.
{3}Joel P. Trachtman and Gabrielle Marceau. The Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: A Map of the World Trade Organization Law of Domestic Regulations of Goods{J}.Journal of World Trade, 2002,36(5):11-78.
{4}Jiang Kejun and Aaron Coseby. Embodied Carbon in Traded Goods{J}.International Institute for Sustainable Development, August 2008,5:168.
{5}De Cendra, Javier. Can Emissions Trading Schemes be Coupled with Border Tax Adjustments? An Analysis Vis-à-vis WTO Law{J}.in: Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 2006,15(2):131-145.
{6}Richard G. Tarasofsky.''Heating up International Trade Law: Challenges and Opportunities Posed by Efforts to Combat Climate Change{J}.Carbon and Climate Law Review,2008,2(1):7-17,12-13.
{7}Baron, R. with J. Reinaud, M. Genasci and C. Philibert, 2007, Sectoral Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation-Exploring Issues for Heavy Industry{C}.IEA Information Paper, IEA/OECD, Paris., 2007.213.
{8}Bodansky D., Advancing the International Effort Against Climate Change, International Sectoral Agreements in a post2012 Climate Framework, A Working Paper{J}.PEW Center on Global Climate Change, Washington D.C., 2007.118.
{9}Kulovesi K., Keinanen K., Long-term Climate Policy: International Legal Aspects of Sector-based Approaches{J}.Climate Policy, 2006,6:313-325.
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{12}Stephenson J., Post Kyoto Sectoral Agreements A Constructive or Complicating Way Forward{C}.OECD ,2009.153-154.


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