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因果关系――美国轮胎特保案上诉机构裁决的思路

  

  上诉机构虽然花了很大篇幅对“一个重要原因”进行释义,并反复提到了“重要的”或“显著的”,但对于专家组和美国国际贸易委员会的上述分析思路中,特别是在将“其他因素”所造成的损害从中国进口所造成的损害中“剥离”开来的时候,如何体现了这两个词所表示的非同寻常的特点,上诉机构却没有明示,需要读者从整体裁决中去“感悟”。


  

  附录:


  

  第16条 特定产品过渡性保障机制


  

  1.如原产于中国的产品在进口至任何WTO成员领土时,其增长的数量或所依据的条件对生产同类产品或直接竞争产品的国内生产者造成或威胁造成市场扰乱,则受此影响的WTO成员可请求与中国进行磋商,以期寻求双方满意的解决办法,包括受影响的成员是否应根据《保障措施协定》采取措施。任何此种请求应立即通知保障措施委员会。


  

  4.市场扰乱应在下列情况下存在:一项产品的进口快速增长,无论是绝对增长还是相对增长,从而构成对生产同类产品或直接竞争产品的国内产业造成实质损害或实质损害威胁的一个重要原因。在认定是否存在市场扰乱时,受影响的WTO成员应考虑客观因素,包括进口量、进口产品对同类产品或直接竞争产品价格的影响以及此类进口产品对生产同类产品或直接竞争产品的国内产业的影响。


  

  16.Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism


  

  1.In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.


  

  4.Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.



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