【作者简介】
刘练军，杭州师范大学法学院教师，法学博士。
【注释】 Oliver W. Holmes, SPEECH ON JOHN MARSHALL, in The Holmes Reader, Selected and edited by Julius J. Marke, New York City Oceana Publications, 1955, p. 117.
汉语法学中，对霍姆斯法学思想评介较为深入的当属张乃根教授在《西方法哲学史纲》一书中对“霍姆斯的实用主义法学”的评介。但张教授在此篇中并未探讨霍姆斯的司法哲学理论，全篇亦未引用霍姆斯大法官的任何司法意见。参见张乃根：《西方法哲学史纲》（增补本），中国政法大学出版社2002年版，第311页以下。
Arthur Dehon Hill, OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, in The Holmes Reader,supra note 1, p.24.
司法自制，又名司法消极主义（judicial passivism），是一种与司法积极（能动）主义（judicial activism）相对立的司法哲学，它指的是司法机关在实施
宪法审查（constitutional review，即通常所说的“司法审查”）时应尽可能地尊重立法机关和行政部门的价值判断，唯有在其违宪异常明显的情况下才宣布违宪无效，有关这两种司法哲学的比较研究可参见拙文：《在积极与消极之间：司法审查哲学刍议》，《江苏警官学院学报》2009年第3期。
Commonwealth v. Perry, 155 Mass. 117, 28 N. E. 1126, 1127 (1891).
当然，言论自由领域除外，本文第二部分将对此予以详论。
Otis v. Parker, 187 U. S. 606, 608-09 (1903).
Missouri, Kansas and Texas Ry. Co. v. May, 194 U. S. 267, 269, 270 (1904).
Louisville & Nashville R. R. v. Barber Asphalt Co., 197 U. S. 430, 433-34 (1905).
See Felix Frankfurter, Mr. Justice Holmes and the Constitution. A Review of His Twenty-Five Years on the Supreme Court, 41 Harvard Law Review 121, 145 (1927).
Lochner v. New York, 198 U. S. 45, 75 (1905).
Noble State Bank v. Haskell, 219 U. S. 104, 110 (1911).
Truax v. Corrigan, 257 U. S. 312, 344 (1921).
Schlesinger v. Wisconsin, 270 U. S. 230, 241 (1926).
Truax v. Corrigan, 257 U. S. 312, 343 (1921).
Tyson v. Banton, 273 U. S. 418,446 (1927).
Id., at 447.
Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U. S. 251, 281 (1918).
Knickerbocker Ice Co. v. Stewart, 253 U. S. 149, 169 (1920).
Blodgett v. Holden, 275 U. S. 142, 147-8 (1927).
Oliver W. Holmes, LAW AND THE COURT, in The Holmes Reader, supra note 1, p.97.
Schneck v. United States, 249 U. S. 47, 52 (1919).
Idid.
Abrams v. United States, 250 U. S. 616, 628, 630-631 (1919).
Schneck v. United States, 249 U. S. 47,52 (1919).
Gitlow v. New York, 268 U. S. 652, 673 (1925).
Idid.
当然，霍姆斯的司法能动主义哲学不仅仅表现在保护公民言论自由这一个方面，在司法创造新的
宪法权利如隐私权方面霍姆斯和布兰代斯（Louis D. Brandeis）大法官一样坚持司法能动主义哲学，认可公民享有不受国家干预的新的
宪法权利——隐私权。参见Olmstead v. United States, 277 U. S. 438, 470 (1928).
Pennekamp v. Florida, 328 U. S. 331, 351 (1946).
M. H. Fisch, Justice Holmes, the Prediction Theory of Law, and Pragmatism, 39 The Journal of Philosophy, 85, 85 (1942).
See Thomas C. Grey, Holmes and Legal Pragmatism, 41 Stanford Law Review 787 (1989).
Felix Frankfurter, Mr. Justice Holmes and the Constitution. A Review of His Twenty-Five Years on the Supreme Court, 41 Harvard Law Review 121, 127-28 (1927).
Benjamin N. Cardozo, MR. JUSTICE HOLMES, 44 Harvard. Law. Review. 682, 692 (1931).
See Oliver Wendell Holmes, Natural Law, 32 Harv. L. Rev. 40, 40 (1918).
See Mark DeWolfe Howe, The Positivism of Mr. Justice Holmes, 64 Harvard Law Review 529, (1951).
See Oliver Wendell Holmes, Natural Law, 32 Harv. L. Rev. 40, 41 (1918).
Id.,at 43.
Id.,at 44.
Letter from Oliver W. Holmes to Dr. John C.H. Wu (May 5,1926),in Justice Holmes to Doctor Wu: An Intimate Correspondence, 1921-1932, at 34-35.
Oliver W. Holmes, The Soldier’s Faith, in The Occasional Speeches of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes 73,76 (Mark D. Howe ed., 1962).
Letter from Oliver W. Holmes to Sir Frederick Pollock (Apr. 23, 1910), in Holmes-Pollock Letters: The Correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Sir Frederick Pollock 1874-1932, at 163 (Mark D. Howe ed., 1962).
See Wallace Mendelson, Mr. Justice Holmes—Humility, Skepticism and Democracy, 36 Minn. L. Rev. 343,343 (1952).
Felix Frankfurter, The Early Writings of O. W. Holmes, Jr., 44 Harvard Law Review 717, 724 (1927).
Harold J. Laski, The Political Philosophy of Mr. Justice Holmes, 40 The Yale Law Journal, 683, 684 (1931).
Fred Rodell, Justice Holmes and His Hecklers, 60 Yale L. J. 620, 624 (1951).
Harold J. Laski, The Political Philosophy of Mr. Justice Holmes, 40 The Yale Law Journal, 683, 684 (1931).
United States v. Butler，297 U. S.1, 79 (1936).
See David Luban, JUSTICE HOLMES AND THE METAPHYSICS OF JUDICIAL RESTRAINT, 44 Duke L. J. 449 (1994).
James Brandley Thayer, The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law, 7 Harv. L. Rev. 129, 144(1893).
Felix Frankfurter, The Early Writings of O. W. Holmes, Jr., 44 Harv. L. Rev. 717, 723 (1931).
