保护人权和保护工人权利的理念应当继续,只是在给予权利的同时还必须从另一方面做到有效控制。从人权的角度出发,工人在日常工作中获得基本的尊重和合理待遇是最为重要的。而从利于社会稳定和国家政府管理的角度考虑,需要限制工人群体的一些聚众行为,同时也要谨慎对待工人阶级力量的膨胀,避免他们采取任何激进的方式直接挑战企业管理制度和权力阶层,导致社会秩序的混乱和引发变革。对于所有工人和倡导劳工权利的人士而言,他们面对的最大挑战将是如何让人权概念与劳工权利得到最恰当的理解,人权的核心理念应当在于维护一个人正常生存的尊严,劳工权利则立足于保障工人在工作中获得相应的尊重和劳动回报。我们不能将劳工权利标准等同于人权标准,因为它取决于一国的经济发展水平。因此,劳工标准存在国别差异是正常的。国际劳工组织所界定的劳工标准存在范围过于宽泛的问题。实际上,真正需要解决的劳工标准问题是如何帮助发展中国家提高与发展的问题。发达国家真正应该做的是,给发展中国家提供具体的帮助,而不是通过贸易限制来强迫发展中国家提高劳工标准。试图制定统一的“社会公正”或劳工标准,强加于经济发展水平参差不齐的世界各国是极不现实的。
【作者简介】
袁帅,中国人民大学国际关系学院。
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