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合同理论的丰富性


在希尔曼离开后,埃里克·安德森(Eric Anderson)加入了爱荷华法学院。安德森后来的合同学术很明显是以史蒂文·伯顿的研究模式为标准的。例如,Eric Anderson, A New Look at Material Breach in the Law of Contract, 21 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1073 (1988) (该文提出了一个关于实质违约的统一理论)。

例如,Robert A. Hillman, Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: Analysis Under Modern Contract Law, 1987 Duke L.J. 1. 我从希尔曼此篇文章中摘录了一部分,收入了我《合同法观点》的文集中。参见Barnett, supra note 1, at 357-68.

Robert A. Hillman, The Crisis in Modern Contract Theory, 67 Texas L. Rev. 103 (1988).

弗鲁克总结道:我的方法“很巧妙地符合了当下有道德的女性主义对于正义的流行性解释”,因为它“呈现出如下特色:对多重目标的关注、对背景关系的欣赏和对获得合同救济管理的灵活性与共通性的期望。”此外,我的分析还“对男权主义模式提出了批评,这一批评是有力的,并且体现了典型的针对男权的女权主义批评。”P. 160 (参照了Mary Joe Frug, Rescuing Impossibility Doctrine: A Postmodern Feminist Analysis of Contract Law, 140 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1029, 1036, 1037 (1992)。

希尔曼引用了学者们对关系主义合同理论的下述批评,但没有指出这些批评可能存在的任何错误(第259页,注释82-85):Michael J. Trebilcock, The Limits of Freedom of Contract 141-42 (1994); Barnett, supra note 22, at 1200; Steven J. Burton, Default Principles, Legitimacy, and the Authority of a Contract, 3 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 115, 142 (1992); Richard Craswell, The Relational Move: Some Questions from Law and Economics, 2 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 91, 103, 108, 111 (1993); Melvin A. Eisenberg, Relational Contracts, in Good Faith and Fault in Contract Law 291 (Jack Beatson & Daniel Friedmann eds., 1995)。

参见Hillman, supra note 27.

第7-8页。为了支持自己关于“某些理论家掩饰合同的复杂性并因此掩盖了合同的真正性质”的主张,希尔曼引用了伊恩·麦克尼尔(Ian Macneil)的文章,但他对麦克尼尔抽象的统一合同理论却没有提出任何的批评。参见第7页,注释3。

参见Randy E. Barnett, Some Problems with Contract as Promise, 77 Cornell L. Rev. 1022 (1992).

参见Randy E. Barnett, A Consent Theory of Contract, 86 Colum. L. Rev. 269, 271 (1986).

同上。后来,我还将“不当得利”增加到了这一名单上去。参见Randy E. Barnett, Contracts Cases and Doctrine 637-38 (1995).

Barnett, supra note 33, at 271.

同上。

对于“愿意受到法律约束的同意理论”如何实现整合的总结,参见Barnett, supra note 34, at 651-54.

例如,Randy E. Barnett, Contract Remedies and Inalienable Rights, 4 Soc. Phil. & Poly. 179 (1986); Randy E. Barnett, ... and Contractual Consent, 3 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 421 (1993); Randy E. Barnett, The Function of Several Property and Freedom of Contract, 9 Soc. Phil. & Poly. 62 (1992); Randy E. Barnett, The Internal and External Analysis of Concepts, 11 Cardozo L. Rev. 525 (1990); Randy E. Barnett, Rational Bargaining Theory and Contract: Default Rules, Hypothetical Consent, the Duty to Disclose, and Fraud, 15 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Poly. 783 (1992); Randy E. Barnett, Squaring Undisclosed Agency With Contract Theory, 75 Cal. L. Rev. 1969 (1987); Randy E. Barnett & Mary Becker, Beyond Reliance: Promissory Estoppel, Contract Formalities and Misrepresentation, 15 Hofstra L. Rev. 445 (1987).

例如,Trebilcock, supra note 29, at 121, 184; Peter Benson, Abstract Right and the Possibility of a Nondistributive Conception of Contract: Hegel and Contemporary Contract Theory, 10 Cardozo L. Rev. 1077, 1111 n.57 (1989); Jean Braucher, Contract Versus Contractarianism: The Regulatory Role of Contract Law, 47 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 697, 703-08 (1990).

参见Richard Craswell, Contract Law, Default Rules, and the Philosophy of Promising, 88 Mich. L. Rev. 489, 523-28 (1989). 至于我的回应,参见Randy E. Barnett, The Sound of Silence: Default Rules and Contractual Consent, 78 Va. L. Rev. 821, 874-97 (1992).

例如,本书第18页,注释61。另外一种以同意为基础的统一合同理论,参见Randy E. Barnett, A Consent Theory of Contract, 86 Colum. L. Rev. 269 (1986); Randy E. Barnett, The Sound of Silence: Default Rules and Contractual Consent, 78 Va. L. Rev. 821 (1992).


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