从国际法角度看我国物权法草案中的征收补偿标准
车丕照
【摘要】征收及补偿问题不仅是
物权法中的一个重要问题，也是一个国际法问题。我国物权法在规定征收及补偿问题时，须考虑国际社会的通常做法和我国政府对其他国家已做出的承诺。在征收补偿方面存在着国际法规则。投资协定的约束是确定的，而国际习惯法的约束则取决于各国的取舍。我国现行法律实质上未能明确征收补偿标准，而我国对外签署的投资协定则接受了“充分补偿”标准。
物权法（草案）中的“合理补偿”标准并不合理。建议
物权法在规定征收补偿标准时，以“充分补偿”为原则，以“另依特别规定”为补充。
Expropriation and compensation is not only an important issue in property law, but also an issue in international law. In drafting our property law, we have to put in consideration international practice and our commitments to other countries. There do exist international law regarding expropriation and compensation. The binding of international agreements is definite, while the binding of customary international law is subject the will of the country concerned. The existing laws of China in fact keep silent on compensation criteria; however, in the BITs we concluded with other countries, a “full compensation” criterion has been accepted. The “reasonable compensation” criterion presently used in the Property Law (draft) is not so reasonable, and it is suggested that an approach of “taking full compensation as general principle and taking special compensation as subordinate criterion” should be adopted.
【关键词】
物权法；征收；补偿标准
property law；Expropriation；compensation criteria
【全文】
一、征收补偿为什么也是一个国际法问题？
去年7月10日公布的我国物权法草案第49条规定：“为了公共利益的需要，县级以上人民政府依照法律规定的权限和程序，可以征收、征用单位、个人的不动产或者动产，但应当按照国家规定给予补偿；没有国家规定的，应当给予合理补偿。”
物权法草案第
68条和第
128条也对个人财产以及用益物权等的征收、征用的限制及其补偿做了规定。
