关于专利池的过往研究
legal analysis of China’s patent pools, by Dr. wei yanliang
魏衍亮
【摘要】站在一个角度，可以这么讲。站在另一个角度，我们可以更换说法。不过，有一点可以确认，大部分真相永远无人言说。
【关键词】关键词：专利池、技术标准、MPEG-2、MPEG-4、DVD 6C、FLLC、专利战略
【全文】
从“DVD收费事件”看企业知识产权战略——基于“专利池”的法律分析、对策分析
Review the Incident of Charging DVD Patent Royalties and the IP Strategies of Chinese Enterprises by Investigating the History and Status quo of American Patent Pools
Wei Yanliang
Abstract: Since its foundation in 1997, the patent pool of MPEG-2 has earned patent royalty of more than 5 billion US dollars for its nine licensors. According to estimate of Chinese experts, in the following 10 years, enterprises of China would have to pay at least one billion US dollars to the licensors of the MPEG-2 patent pool for their use of the latter’s patents in Chinese market, unless they could control inland market with the potential patent pool under the technological standard of AVS.
According to the license agreement of MPEG-4 patent pool, service providers would have to pay patent royalty for their business use of related devices. Such a charging item might deprive related Chinese firms’ ability of making profits. Furthermore, as the said item might contravene with the doctrine of first sale, it would be difficult for inland enterprises to understand and accept such an item.
Similar to the said various patent pools, the patent pool of MPEG-4 System could also lead to such a circumstance that licensees would be obliged to pay royalty for patents deployed in various countries, despite whether they just provide products or services in an individual country. Therefore the doctrine of regionality would be of no effect.
In comparison with the said patent pools, the patent pool of DVD 6C LA might be much more problematic and would tamper Chinese enterprises much more seriously. For example, on the whole, it doesn’t satisfy essential conditions of American patent pool. It has bound together the patent license, the DVD logo license and the DVD format license and has created the most powerful technological and trade barriers. Its licensing practices deprived the legitimate right of licensees to seek individual license from licensors one by one but not from the patent pool. Its licensing policies also embodied the business strategy of mainly attacking Chinese enterprises.
By investigating the history and status quo of American patent pools, the article reviewed the incident of charging DVD patent royalties. It wasn’t concerned about criticizing licensing policies of foreign patent pools. It didn’t yet support resisting licensing practices of foreign patent pools. On the contrary, it claimed that Chinese governments and enterprises should cope with foreigners by learning their tactics.
Key Words: patent pool, technology standard, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DVD 6C, FLLC, patent strategy
目 录
一、西方两大DVD联盟对华“专利池”攻击的介绍
二、美国专利池的发展史
三、美国专利池的发展动向
第一、专利池的扩张及其影响
第二、许可人国家来源的构成
第三、被许可人国家来源的构成
第四、专利地域性受到的挑战
第五、重复收费问题以及应当由哪一环节上的企业负担专利费
第六、美国专利池、美国法律、美国职能部门正在成为日本企业打压亚洲竞争对手的工具
第七、专利池的许可协议可能包含或者捆绑其他收费项目
四、国外经验的启发意义
第一、在标准战略中要嵌入专利池战略
第二、在专利池扩张的过程中，我国企业要和外商竞争新的必要专利
第三、我国企业主导的专利池也可以尝试全方位的市场垄断
第四、民营企业创建和维系的专利池可能更有竞争力
第五、要学习日本企业多搞一些美国民族企业的身份，多用美国的法律和政府帮中国企业清理美国市场
第六、要多去美国开发、购买技术，多去美国部署专利
第七、要争取用专利池封杀国际工业标准
第八、一揽子付费可以被拒绝
第九、要坚决拒绝没有侵权分析的专利付费要求
五、美国DVD世纪大诉讼重新审查专利结池问题
附表：
表（一）MPEG-2专利池
表（二）MPEG-4专利池
表（三）MPEG-4 Systems专利池
表（四）DVD 6C LA专利池
表（五）DVD领域的三组无形财产使用费：专利费、格式费、标识费
表（六）我国DVD企业被迫支付的专利费列表
一、西方两大DVD联盟对华“专利池”攻击的介绍
我国加入WTO仅两年多，但是西方对华发动的专利攻击骤然激增。在美国、加拿大、法国、日本、韩国企业陆续发动的对华彩电专利攻击，美国用337条款发动的电池、芯片等十余件对华专利攻击，以及西方企业在DVD、GSM手机、玩具、涡轮机叶片、数码相机、光盘等领域发动的对华专利攻击中，我国遭到打击、骚扰、敲诈、间接侵害的民族企业已经数以千计。
