最后遗嘱的法律效力研究——医学与法学的商榷
朱与墨
【摘要】意思表示真实是民事法律行为的要件，我国继承法规定遗嘱人立有数份遗嘱，内容相互抵触的，以最后所立的遗嘱为准。由于老年人的记忆能力呈增龄性下降趋势，认知、判断能力也势必呈增龄性衰退，最后立的遗嘱往往真实性最低。可见
继承法并没有从实质上遵循意思表示真实的要件。遗嘱的处分权应建立增龄性减少的制度，并辅以特留份制。
True meaning expression is one of the essential factors to civil act. According to the provision of update inheritance statute, the last testament should be considered as the effective one when there are a few shares of conflicting testaments. As the old persons’ memory descends along with the rising of their ages, their ability of cognizing and judging also declines. Therefore, the truth of the last testament is furthest low. It is obvious that the inheritance statute hasn''t followed the essential factors of true meaning expression substantially. The right to settle the heritage shares with testament should be innovated by establishing a regime of decreasing heritage shares with growing older and older, and the special reservation system should be established as supplementary system.
【关键词】遗嘱继承；最后遗嘱；意思表示；实质真实
Testamentary inheritance; Last testament; Meaning expression; Substantial truth
【全文】
一、前言
我们国家被认为是“未富先老”。相关资料反映,在人口多达13亿的今天，中国老年人口数量已超过1.3亿人，随着新中国成立后50年代出生高峰的人口即将进入老年，我国的人口老龄化速度将进入快速发展时期。预计到2015年我国老年人总数将突破2亿人，2027年超过3亿人，2044年将达到4亿人。[1]老龄人口的增多与集中，势必在近期发生大量的遗产继承的法律关系，大量的遗嘱继承民事行为将出现。法的价值在于实现社会正义、秩序和安全等。财产的继承是否实现了社会正义，体现了公平，财产关系是否和谐，将对进入老龄化社会的中国建设社会主义和谐社会产生重要的影响。
二、表意真实是民事法律行为的灵魂
