论婚内损害赔偿制度的构建
The construction of damage compensation system in marriage
滕艳军;刘娟
【摘要】在我国,婚内损害赔偿应该属于侵权责任的范畴。针对婚内夫妻侵权行为，我国的法律更多的是追究行为人的刑事责任或行政责任，婚内侵权行为所引起的民事责任却往往被人们所忽视。2001年《
婚姻法》修正案中明确规定了夫妻个人财产的范围,夫妻约定财产的内容、方式和效力等问题,这些规定为婚内损害赔偿提供了可能。我国立法有必要对该制度加以确认，使之与我国婚姻法修正案已确立的离婚损害赔偿制度相结合，形成完整的婚姻损害赔偿责任的完整体系。
In our country, the damage compensation in the marriage should belong to the responsibility of right infringement . In view of abuse of authority in the marriage between the husband and wife, our country''s law is investigated that mind more author''s legal responsibility or the administrative responsibility, however in the marriage the abuse of authority causes the civil liability often is neglected actually by the people. In 2001 "Marriage law" in the bill for amendment has explicitly stipulated the scope of the husband and wife’s personal property, the content, way and potency of the husbands and wive’s agree questions on property. These stipulations has provided the possibility for the marriage in the damage compensation. It is necessary to confirm this system company with the divorce damage compensation system to establish the united responsibility system of the marriage damage compensation.
【关键词】婚内损害赔偿；侵权；责任
【全文】
一、构建婚内损害赔偿制度的理论和法律依据
损害赔偿是各国重要的民事法律制度,它是指在加害人因实施不法行为,侵害了他人的人身权利、财产权利和其他合法权利并使之受损时,由其进行物质赔偿。在婚姻家庭关系中应否确立此制度,在我国曾引起社会各界激烈的争论。综观各国损害赔偿制度的规定,不难看出,婚内损害赔偿适用的理论依据有契约责任和侵权责任之分。在有些国家,婚姻立法以契约理论为依据,认为婚姻是民事上的要式契约，在婚姻关系存续期间,一方给他方造成损害,当然应该按照契约法的规定,追究违约者的违约责任。有的国家认为婚姻是法律设定的关系,夫妻之间的权利和义务是法律明确规定的,当事人对权利的侵犯,就构成侵权责任。笔者认为,在我国虽然婚姻的缔结是男女在双方平等的基础上形成的一种合意,但其成立的要件和效力等都是法律明确规定的,当事人不能根据自己的意志和利益任意确定或变更。另外,婚内损害往往以精神损害为主,用违约责任处理婚内侵权问题不符合我国法律的相关规定。在我国,婚内损害赔偿应该属于侵权责任的范畴。
