我国的有组织犯罪与毒品犯罪(二)
Organized Crime and Drug Problems in China:PART Ⅱ Current Drug Problems in China and Effective Countermeasures against Them
任筱锋
【关键词】drug crime；criminal law；drug smugling
【全文】
Introduction
Any Chinese won’t forget it was the so-called “Opium War” which broke in l840 that began the modern history of the country．The war broke out as a result of Chinese government take action to ban illicit import of opium，which seriously affected the illicit interests of British merchants．In the end，China was forced to open five coastal ports and cede Hong Kong to Britain，and allow the open sale of imported opium in the country．From then until l950’s, the merchants of the imperialist countries had been continuously dumping opium into China，carrying their economic and cultural invasions，which made the country poor，weak，backward and swamped by drugs．At that time，not only did the drug addicts lose their family fortune，but were disgracefully named “the East Asian sick men”. Since l949 when P. R. China was founded, it took no more than 3-4 years for us to clean up narcotics and some other social “ulcers” such as brothels and gambling．At this period，the drug problems went from restlessness to its elimination for which China gained the fame of “none drug” country that was among few in the world．However, as we began to carry out open policy toward outside world, when we had more and more general affairs with outside world, international criminal groups began secretly invading the land，making drug problems resurgent in the country simultaneously．During the middle and late l980’s，great quantities of drug began pouring into China from abroad，and spreading from Yunnan - Guangxi border area to the mainland．China has become one of the victims of international drug trafficking．Drug crime offences in the land have reached the top compared with the past 40 years．As far as areas of the inundation of drug is concerned，drug crime offences are found more or less in almost every part of the country．Thus，the tasks of anti-drug abuse and eradication of drug trafficking have become an important item in our comprehensive administrative of public security．Drug crime is considered to be one of the most sophisticated organized crimes．
Ⅰ．The General Situation of Drug Crime offence in Recent Years
The amount of drug seized，especially that of the superfines has rapidly increased．
In Yunnan province more than 65,000 liang (10 liang=0．5 kg)of opium were seized in l980，yet the same amount has been tracked down in the first half of l987 only，and 537,455 liang from l983-87 with average of l07,400 liang yearly，that’s 40％ more than the opium seized in l980．In the early l980’s only no more than 10 grams of heroin was ferreted out，however，the heroin seized in the same province has reached the amount of 82,797 grams in l986．During the first 5 months in l988, a total of213,929 grams was found．In l989, 998.35 kg of heroin and other superfines were seized, the weight was 73.8％ more than that of 1988 in the same area．During the first season in l990，the provincial police dept．seized 398.55 kg of opium, 371.85 kg of heroin，83,750 injection pieces of morphine and others．The circumstances in other provinces of China are not so satisfying either, though it’s not as serious as Yunnan．Take Gansu , a small northwestern province for example，for one reason or another, is chosen by drug traffickers and smugglers to be the collecting and distributing centre in the northwestern part of the country．The amount of drug seized there has been astonishing in recent years．We had tracked down l5,530 grams of opium in l985，56,775 grams in l987，12,793 grams of different sorts of narcotics (20.5％ of which was heroin)in l988．The drug seized rose to be 48,926 grams of every kind (21.1％ of heroin) in l989．In l990, it turned out to be 87,358 grams in which heroin accounted for as much as 71％． During the first half of l991, 32,079 grams were seized，of which 27,022 grams were heroin．
