论联合国维持和平部队
On Issues of UN Peacekeeping Troops
金孝柏
【全文】
The world is not at peace. Regional and ethnic conflicts constantly occur. The UN, a global organization that plays a predominant role in preserving world peace, more frequently than ever, dispatches peacekeeping troops to the disorderly places in an effort to resume peace. Yet it is questionable at present whether the peacekeeping operations can really as expected bring peace to those areas because many problems have arisen concerning the peacekeeping troops. This paper is intended to discuss some existing problems.
1.Nature, Role and Responsibility of UN Peacekeeping Troops
The failure of League of Nations and the outbreak of World War II created a popular recognition that it was essential to establish a stronger and more efficient international organization to prevent another disastrous worldwide war and promote word peace and security. In 1945, the United Nations was created on the ashes of World War II “based on the principle of sovereign equality of all peace-loving states…for the maintenance of international peace and security.”(Hill 1996, p5) Though the operation of the UN did not as expected promise permanent world peace and security because of the appearance of the Cold War characterized by superpower competition and lack of co-operation among the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council, peacekeeping adopted in the UN Charter as a means to restore and maintain peace and order in the event of conflicts and disorders has experienced quick evolution and is now showing a tendency to play a more important role in the maintenance of international peace and security.
The term of peacekeeping is not clearly defined in the UN Charter. According to Hill, peacekeeping is “an operation involving military personnel, but without enforcement powers undertaken by the United Nations to help maintain or restore international peace and security in areas of conflict.”(Hill 1996, p17) Rikhye defines peacekeeping as “the prevention, containment, moderation and termination of hostilities between or within states, through the medium of a peaceful third party intervention organized and directed internationally, using international forces of soldiers, police and civilians to restore and maintain peace.” (Rikhye 1974, p11) Though they word the term of peacekeeping in different ways, Rikhye and Hill both agree that peacekeeping is a peaceful means for the maintenance of peace through a third party intervention. During the Cold War period peacekeeping was often regarded as a tool to prevent the two superpowers, the USSR and the USA, from getting deeply involved in localized disputes that might escalate to large-scale warfare.
