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[4] Adkins v. Children''s Hospital. 261 US 525 (1923) .
[5] 在演说中，罗斯福提及了每个人都应有受良好教育，挣足够钱得到足够食物、衣裳和娱乐，获得足够医疗保障，有象样家居，获得有用和有报酬工作以及免于老龄、疾病、事故和失业之忧的权利。
[6] West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish. 300 US 379 (1937).
[7] 埃里克·方纳：《美国自由的故事》，商务印书馆2002年版，第292页。
[8] Goldberg v. Kelly. 397 US 254 (1970).
[9] John P. Collins, Welfare Reform, 16 Yale L. & Pol''y Rev. 221(1997).
[10] Blessing v Freestone, 520 U.S. 329 (1997).
[11] E·博登海默：《法理学、法律哲学与法律方法》，邓正来译，中国政法大学出版社1999年版，第58页。
[12] L·亨金：《权利的时代》，知识出版社1997年版，第89页。
[13] James Griffin, Welfare Rights, in Rights, Equality, and Liberty, edited by
Guido princione and Horacio spector, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
[14] Albert M. Bendich, Privacy, Poverty, and the Constitution, 54 Cal. L. Rev.
407 (1966); Archibald Cox, The Supreme Court, 1965 Term - Foreword: Constitutional
Adjudication and the Promotion of Human Rights, 80 Harv. L. Rev. 91 (1966); Arthur
Selwyn Miller, Toward a Concept of Constitutional Duty, Sup. Ct. Rev. 199 (1968) .
[15] Lindsay v. Normet ，405 U.S. 56, 74 (1972)
[16] Lavine v. Milne, 424 U.S. 577, 585 n.9 (1975)
[17] DeShaney v. Winnebago, 489 U.S. 196 (1989)
[18] Mass. Coalition for the Homeless v. Sec''y of Human Servs., 511 N.E.2d 603
(Mass. 1987)
[19] L.T. v. N.J. Dep''t of Human Servs., 633 A.2d 964 (N.J. 1993)
[20]参见凯斯 R.森斯坦著，傅蔚冈译：《为什么美国宪法缺乏社会和经济权利保障？》（未刊稿）（感谢傅蔚冈先生提供译稿，在此致以谢意）。
[21] Mary Ann Glendon, Rights in Twentieth-Century Constitutions, 59 U. Chi. L.
Rev. 519, 532-34 (1992)
[22] Matthew Diller, Poverty Lawyering in the Golden Age, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 1401,
1428 (1995).
[23] Cass R. Sunstein, Against Positive Rights, in Western Rights? Post-Communist
Application 225, 229 (Andras Sajo ed., 1996).
[24] Jonathan Feldman, Separation of Powers and Judicial Review of Positive Rights
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