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见Anthony C. Arend & Robert J.Beck, International Law and the Use ofForce: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm , London: Routledge, 1993, p133-134. 转引自Michael L. Burton, “ Legalizingthe Sublegal: A Proposal for Codifying a Doctrine of Unilateral HumanitarianIntervention”, 85 Georgetown Law Journal ,1996, p.429.
同前注。
见许光建主编，《联合国宪章诠释》，山西教育出版社，1999年4月第一版，第46页。
见Louis Henkin, “ Kosovo and the Lawof ‘Humanitarian Intervention’ ”, 93 American Journal of International Law,No.4, 1999, p825.
见Louis Henkin, “Kosovo and the Law of ‘Humanitarian Intervention’ ”,93American Journal of International Law,No.4, 1999, p825.
黎巴嫩当时是奥斯曼帝国的一部分。
见Ellery Stowell, Intervention in International Law, 1921,p63.转引自RaviMahalingam, “ The Copatibility of the Principles of Nonintervention with theRights of Humanitarian Intervention”, 1UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 1996, p239.
见Ellery Stowell, Intervention in International Law, 1921, p340。.转引自Ravi Mahalingam, “The Copatibility of the Principles ofNonintervention with the Rights of Humanitarian Intervention”, 1 UCLA Journal of International Law andForeign Affairs, 1996, p241
见詹宁斯、瓦茨修订，《奥本海国际法》（第九版）（中译本），第一卷，第一分册，中国大百科全书出版社，1995年12月第一版，第318页。
同前注，第319页。
同前注，第319页。
同前注，第319页。
见Louis Henkin, Use of Force: Law andU.S. Policy, in Rights v. Might International Law and the Use of Force p37,p41-42, 1991.转引自Dr. KlitonW. Alexander, “Nato’s Intervention in Kosovo: The Legal Case for ViolatingYugoslavia’s Sovereignty in the Absence of Security Council Approval”, 22 Houston Journal of International Law,2000, p.414.
见Eleanor C. McDowell, IntroductoryNote, “United Nations: Security Council Debate and Draft Resolutions Concerningthe Operation to Rescue Hijacked Hostages at the Entebbe Airport”, 15 International Legal Materials, 1976,p1224.
见Michael J. Mattler, “TheDistinction Between Civil Wars and International Wars and Its Legal Implications”,26 New York University Journal ofInternational Law and Policy, 1994, p662.
见联合国文件：U.N. Doc. S/INF15 (1960).
见Kenneth Regensburg, “ Refugee LawReconsidered: Reconciling Humanitarian Objectives with the ProtectionistAgendas of Western Europe and the United States”, 29 Cornell International Law Journal, 1996, p.250.
见Christopher C. Joyner, “ The UnitedStates Action in Grenada: Reflections on the Lawfulness of Invasion”, 78 American Journal of International Law,1984, p.141.
见Marian Nash Leich, “ Use of Force”, 84 American Journal of International Law,1990, p.548.
见Louis Henkin, “The Invasion ofPanama Under International Law: A Gross Violation”, 29 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. 1991, p.295.
见Natalino Ronzitti, Rescuing NationalsAbroad Through Military Coercion and Intervention on Grounds of Humanity, 1985,p.96.
见Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, New York: BasicBooks, 1977, p.105-107.
见Thomas Frank & Nigel Rodley, “After Bangladesh: The Law of Humanitarian Intervention bu Military Force”, 67 American Journal of International Law,1973, p.275,297-305. 在这篇文章中Frank and Rodley 认为，美西战争作为单方干涉的先例是有疑问的，除这场战争外，印度在东巴基斯坦的干涉也不能认为是所谓传统的人道主义干涉。（见该文第285页）
见Klinton W. Alexander, “ NATO’sIntervention in Kosovo: The Legal Case for Violating Yugoslavia’s NationalSovereignty in the Absence of Security Council Approval”, 22 Houston Journal of International Law, 2000, p.420.
同前注，第421页。
Goronwy Jones, The United Nations and theDomestic Jurisdiction of States, 1979, p. 40.转引自RaviMahalingam, “The Compatibility of the Principle of Nonintervention with theRights of Humanitarian Intervention”, 1UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 1996, p.247.
南非当局为使白人种族主义统治法律化、制度化，制订了一系列种族歧视和种族隔离的法律、法令。其中“通行证法”规定，非洲人必须随身携带60多种通行证件，若缺一件就要被投入监狱或勒令罚款。1959年，南非泛非主义者大会决定展开一次反对“通行证法”的非暴力运动。1960年3月21日，数万名非洲人在德兰士瓦州的沙佩维尔镇举行了反对“通行证法”的集会和游行示威。南非当局进行了血腥镇压，打死69人，打伤数百人，逮捕万余人。这就是震惊世界的沙佩维尔惨案。（见李铁城主编：联合国的历程，北京语言学院出版社，1993年10月第一版，第232页。）
见郑启荣、李铁城：《联合国大事编年》，北京语言文化大学出版社，1998年5月第一版，第312页。
见Rosalyn Higgins, “ Intervention andInternational Law”, 载于Hedley Bull ed., Interventionin World Politics, 1984, p.36.还可参见Louis Henkin, “The Mythology ofSovereignty” , American Society ofInternational Law News Letter, Mar. 1993.
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