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《英国保险协会保险条款诠释》第二编 海上货物保险格式

  5.2 The Underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of seaworthiness of the ship and fitness of the ship to carry the subject-matter insured to destination, unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness.( 除非被保险人或其雇员对此种不适航或不适运实际知情并同意之,保险人放弃载运保险标的到目的港的船舶不得违反默示适航或适运保证。)
  本条用语及其效果与协会货物保险条款(A)相同。见第23至24页的解释。
  第6条 战争除外条款( War Exclusion Clause)
 6 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense caused by ( 本保险在任何情况下均不承保由于下述原因造成的灭失、损害或费用)
  6.1 war civil war revolution rebellion insurrection, or civil strife arising therefrom, or any hostile act by or against a belligerent power( 战争、内战、革命、叛乱、暴动或由此引起的内乱,或任何交战方之间的敌对行为)
  6.2 capture seizure arrest restraint or detainment, and the consequences thereof or any attempt thereat( 捕获、扣押、扣留、管制或拘押和由此引起的后果或实施此种行为的任何企图)
  6.3 derelict manes torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war( 被遗弃的水雷、鱼雷、炸弹或其他被遗弃的战争武器)
  除了一项重要的除外之外,本条用语与(A)条款中的战争除外条款相似。亦即,在(A)条款中,海盗危险被从第6.2款所列明的战争危险-“捕获、扣押、扣留、管制、拘押”中除外,但在(B)和(C)条款相应的规定中未将海盗除外。其法律效果乃是:如果按(A)条款投保,外贸批发商因海盗所遭受的灭失损害受到保护,但若按(B)和(C)条款保险,则不能享受此种保护。此外,由于海盗不属于协会货物战争险条款(见第285页)承保的危险,选择按(B)或(C)条款投保的海上危险,加保标准战争险条款的外贸批发商,也许会吃惊地发现,他仍然不受海盗危险的保护。
  第7条 罢工除外条款( Strikes Exclusion Clause)
  7 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense( 在任何情况下本保险均不承保下列灭失、损害或费用)
  7.1 caused by strikers, locked-out workmen, or persons taking part in labour disturbances, riots or civil commotions( 由罢工、被迫停工工人或参加工潮、暴乱或民事骚乱的人员造成者)
  7.2 resulting from strikes, lock-out workmen, or persons taking part in labour disturbances, riots or civil commotions( 罢工、停工、工潮、暴乱或民事骚乱引起者)
  7.3 caused by any terrorist or any pweson acting from a political motive( 恐怖分子或出于政治动机而作为的任何人员造成者)
  本条与协会货物保险(A)条款的规定相同。见第25页的解释。
  第三节 有关危险期间的条款
  第8条 运输条款( transit clause)
 8.1 This insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place of storage at the place named herein for the commencement of the transit, continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates either( 本保险责任始于货物运离保险单载明的仓库或贮存处所开始运送之时,在通常运送过程中持续,终止于)
 8.1.1 on delivery to the Consignees’ or other final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named herein,( 在载明的目的地交付到收货人的或其他最后仓库或贮存处所)
 8.1.2 on delivery to any other warehouse or place of storage, whether prior to or at the destination named herein , which the Assured elect to use either( 在载明的目的地或之前,交付到任何其他仓库或贮存处所,由被保险人选用于)
  8.1.2.1 for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit or ( 通常运输过程以外的贮存或)
  8.1.2.2 for allocation or distribution, or ( 分配或分派, 或)
 8.1.3 on the expiry of 60 days after completion of discharge overside of the goods hereby insured from the oversea vessel at the final port discharge,( 被保险货物在最后卸货港全部卸离海船满60天)
 whichever shall first occur.( 以上各项以先发生者为准)
 8.2 If, after discharge overside from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge, but prior to termination of this insurance, the goods are to be forwarded to a destination other than that to which they are insured hereunder, this insurance, whilst remaining subject to termination as provided for above, shall not extend beyond the commencement of transit to such other destination.( 如果在最后卸货港卸离海船后,但在本保险终止之前,货物被转运至非保险承保的其他目的地,本保险在依然受前述规定的终止制约的同时,截止于开始向此种其他目的地运送之时。)
 8.3 This insurance shall remain in force (subject to termination as provided for above and to the provisions of Clause 9 below) during delay beyond the control of the Assured, any deviation, forced discharge, reshipment or transhipment and during any variation of the adventure arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to shipowners or charterers under the contract of affreightment.( 在被保险人不能控制的迟延,任何绕航、强制卸货、重装或转运期间,以及船东或承租人行使根据货运合同赋予的自由权引起的海上冒险的任何变更期间,本保险仍然有效(但须受上述规定的终止和下述第9条规定的制约。)
  第9条 运输合同终止条款(Termination of Contract of Carriage Clause)
 9 If owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Assured either the contract of carriage is terminated at a port or place other than the destination named therein or the transit is otherwise terminated before delivery of the goods as provided for in Clause 8 above, then this insurance shall also terminate unless prompt notice is given to the Underwriters and continuation of cover is requested when the insurance shall remain in force, subject to an additional premium if required by the Underwriters, either( 如果由于被保险人不能控制的情况,运输合同在保险单载明的目的地以外的港口或地点终止,或运送在上述第8条规定的交付货物前另行终止,那么本保险也终止,除非迅速地通知了保险人,且在本保险仍有效时要求继续承保,并受保险人可能要求的附加保险费的制约:)
  9.1 until the goods are sold and delivered at such port or place, or, unless otherwise specially agreed, until the expiry of 60 days after arrival of the goods hereby insured at such ort or place, whichever shall first occur, or ( 直至货物在此种港口或地点出售并交付,或除非另有特别约定,直至承保货物到达此种港口或地点满60天,二者以先发生者为准,或)
  9.2 if the goods are forwarded within the said period of 60 days (or any agreed extension thereof)to the destination named herein or to any other destination, until terminated in accordance with the provisions of Clause 8 above.〖如果货物在上述60天(或任何约定的延展期间)内被运往保险单载明的目的地或其他目的地,直至根据上述第8条的规定而终止。〗
  第10条 航程变更条款( Change of Voyage Clause)
 10 Where, after attachment of this insurance, the destination is changed by the Assured, held covered at a premium and on conditions to be arranged subject to prompt notice being given to the Underwriters.〖如果在本保险责任开始后,被保险人变更目的地,应按重新安排的保险费率和条件续保(held covered),但以迅速通知了保险人为前提。〗
  第8,9和10三条完全与协会货物保险条款(A)条款一致。见第25至29页的解释。
  第四节 索赔(Claims)
  第11条 保险利益条款( Insurable Interest Clause)
 11.1 In order to recover under this insurance the Assured must have an insurable interest in the subject-matter insured at the time of the loss.( 为了根据本保险获得赔偿,被保险人在保险标的损失当时,必须具有某种可保利益。)
 11.2 Subject to 11.1 above, the Assured shall be entitled to recover for insured loss occurring during the period covered by this insurance, notwithstanding that the loss occurred before the contract of insurance was concluded, unless the Assured were aware of the loss and the Underwriters were not.( 根据上述11.1款,被保险人有权索赔在本保险承保期间发生的承保灭失,尽管该灭失发生于本保险合同订立之前,除非被保险人当时已知晓该灭失,而保险人不知情。)
  本条与协会货物保险条款(A)一样。见第30页的诠释。
  第12条 续运费用条款 ( Forwarding Charges Clause)
 12 Where, as a result of the operation of a risk covered by this insurance, the insured transit is terminated at a port or place other than to which the subject-matter is covered under this insurance, the Underwriters will reimburse the Assured for any extra charges properly and reasonably incurred in unloading storing and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured hereunder.( 若由于本保险承保的风险的作用,导致承保的运输在保险标的根据本保险承保的目的地以外的港口或地点终止,保险人将补偿被保险人因卸下、贮存和续运保险标的至所承保的目的地而适当和合理发生的额外费用。)
   This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.( 对共同海损和救助费用的本条规定,须受上述第4,5,6 和7条所包含的除外责任的制约,且不包括因被保险人或其雇员的过错、疏忽、无偿付能力或财务困境而引起的费用。)
  虽然本条的用语与协会货物保险条款(A)条款的措辞精确地一致,因为“由于本保险承保的风险的作用”措辞,使其法律效果较之(A)条款受到了大得多的限制。因为协会货物保险条款(A)条款承保一切险,除了源于船舶所有人、经理人、承租人或经营人的无偿付能力或财务困境(第4.6款除外)或由于船舶不适航,且被保险人或其代理人在货物装船时实际知悉该不适航(第5.1款除外)引起的事件之外,所有可能导致承保的运输在某个中途港或地点终止的事件均在保险之列。
  然而,根据协会货物保险条款(B)和(C)条款,承保风险限于我们已在第1条讨论过的列明危险,根据几乎所有海商国家有关海上货物运输的法律(英国当然不能例外),如果根据运输合同由于除外危险的后果,使船舶受损,而修复她使之适宜继续航程的费用,将超过船舶被修复后的价值时,承运人有权放弃该船舶而无需承担任何责任。虽然在一切险保险单项下,这很清楚构成某种承保危险,但严格地说,在协会货物保险条款(B)和(C)条款项下,并不属于承保危险,除非根据第11.2和第11.4款预先假定的载运船舶遭受的某些损害。
  这种解释如果是正确的话,将使得(B)和(C)条款项下的该第12条,比在旧的W.A 和F.P.A条款项下相应的支付有关卸货、贮存和续运等特殊费用的义务还要窄得多。不过,伦敦保险市场的代表们已经公开声明该第12条提供的对续运费用的保险,应与实务中过去旧条款所提供的保险范围相应。此种解释包含一种暗示(在该条款中未明示说明)承保危险包括载运船舶由于传统的海难引起的航程损失(loss of voyage).


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