1983/10/1和1995年11/1协会船舶定期保险条款
1983/10/1和1995年11/1协会船舶定期保险条款
郭国汀
【关键词】船舶定期保险条款
【全文】
1983年10月1日和1995年11月1日协会船舶定期保险条款
(Institute Time Clauses, Hulls)
This insurance is subject to English law and practice
本保险受英国法律和惯例的制约
第1条 航海条款（Navigation）
1 NAVIGATION
1.1 The Vessel is covered subject to the provisions of this insurance at all times and has leave to sail or navigate with or without pilots, to go on trial trips and to assist and tow vessels or craft in distress, but it is warranted that the Vessel shall not be towed, except as is customary or to the first safe port or place when in need of assistance, or undertake towage or salvage services under a contract previously arranged by the Assured and /or Owners and/or Managers and/or Charterers. This clause 1.1 shall not exclude customary towage in connection with loading and discharging.
1 航海
1.1 保险船舶在所有时间根据本保险的各项规定承保，并许可在有或没有引航员的情况下开航或航行，试航及协助、拖带遇险船舶或驳船，但保证保险船舶不得被拖带，除非是习惯性的，或当需要协助时被拖带至第一个安全港口或地点，也不得根据被保险人、船舶所有人、管理人和/或承租人事先安排的合同从事拖带或救助服务。但本1.1款不排险与装卸有关的习惯拖带。
本条清楚地规定保险船舶在所有的时间均受承保，包括无论是否有引航员的开航或航行，进行试航及对遇险的其他船舶或驳船提供协助。不过，它保证保险船舶不得被拖带，除非当需要协助时，且仅至第一个安全港口或地点。至于什么是第一个安全港口或地点，一般认为这应根据所有的事实进行解释，“第一个安全港口”不一定是距离最近的港口，而应按照该港口的整体和实际情况，根据船舶修理和其他要求的设施，最适宜接收该船舶的地点。本条明确规定该保证并不排除习惯性拖带，例如进出港口或码头或与装卸有关的拖带。本条进一步保证保险船舶不得根据预先安排的合同提供拖带或救助服务。
1.2 The insurance shall not be prejudiced by reason of the Assured entering into any contract with pilots or for customary towage which limits or exempts the liability of the pilots and/or tugs and /or towboats and/or their owners when the Assured or their agents accept or are compelled to accept such contracts in accordance which established local law or practice.
13 The practice of engaging helicopters for the transportation of personnel, supplies and equipment to and/ or from the Vessel shall not prejudice this insurance.
1.2 本保险不因被保险人签订限制或免除引航员和/或拖船和/或其所有人责任的引航或习惯性拖带的任何合同而受损害，如果被保险人或其代理人根据既定的当地法律或惯例接受或被迫接受此种合同。（1995年新增）
1.3 雇用直升飞机向保险船舶运送和/或从保险船舶运出人员、供应品或设备不损害本保险。
这两款是1995年新增加的，虽然以相似术语的放任条款（permissive）过去时常应被保险人或其经纪人的要求插入保险单。当然众所周知，船长或船舶代理通常别无选择，只能接受以免除或限制提供服务者责任的雇用引航员、拖轮和直升飞机服务的合同。签订此种合同的后果是削弱或消灭保险人的代位追偿权，因此这些新条款受到欢迎，因为他们明确了被保险人的地位不会因他们接受此种合同条款而受到损害。
1.4 In the event of the Vessel being employed in trading operations which entail cargo loading or discharging at sea from or into another vessel (not being a harbour or inshore craft)no claim shall be recoverable under this insurance for loss of or damage to the Vessel or liability to any other vessel arising from such loading or discharging operations, including whilst approaching, lying alongside and leaving , unless previous notice that the Vessel is to be employed in such operations has been given to the Underwriters and any amended terms of cover and any additional premium required by them have been agreed.
1.4 若保险船舶被雇用于在海上将货物装卸入他船（非港口或近岸驳船）或自他船装卸入本船的商业作业，由于此种装卸作业，包括两船驶近、并排停靠和驶离，造成保险船舶的灭失或损害或对他船的责任，不得根据本保险索赔，除非保险船舶被雇用于此种作业前已通知保险人，且已同意保险人要求的修改承保条件及任何附加的保险费。
1.5 In the event of the Vessel sailing (with or without cargo) with an intention of being(a) broken up, or (b) sold for breaking up, any claim for loss of or damage to the Vessel occurring subsequent to such sailing shall be limited to the market value of the Vessel as scrap at the time when the loss or damage is sustained, unless previous notice has been given to the Underwriters and any amendments to the terms of cover, insured value and premium required by them have been agreed. Nothing in this Clause 1.5 shall affect claims under Clauses 8 and/or 10.
1.5 如果保险船舶开航（不论有无货载）旨有（a）拆船，或（b）为拆船而出售，那么对保险船舶在此种开航后发生的灭失或损害的任何索赔，应限于船舶灭失和损坏时报废船的市场价值，除非事先已通知保险人，并已同意修改保险条款，保险价值和保险人要求的保险费。本1.5款不影响根据第8条和/或第11条的索赔。
第2条 延续条款（Continuation）
1995年条款用语为：
2 CONTINUATION
Should the Vessel at the expiration of this insurance be at sea and in distress or missing, she shall, provided notice be given to the Underwriters prior to the expiration of this insurance, be held covered until arrival at the next port in good safety, or if in port and in distress until the Vessel is made safe , at a pro rata monthly premium.
延续。如果在本保险期届满时，保险船舶在海上遇险或失踪，若在本保险期限届满以前已通知保险人，船舶将被继续承保，直至安全抵达下一个港口；或者如果保险船舶在港内并遇险，则直至保险船舶变得安全时，超期保险费按月比例支付。
1983年条款措辞为：
