托运人对于托运危险货物的义务和责任
孙晔
【全文】
托运人对于托运危险货物的义务和责任
Shipper’s Obligation and Responsibility on Shipping the Dangerous Goods
孙晔(北京大学法学院2000级研究生)
摘要:在海上货物运输中,托运人对于危险货物承担的义务和责任具有特殊性,而我国法律的规定又相对简单,理论研究也相对不足,因此本文将结合英国法下的判例,对于“危险货物”的理解,托运人是否承担绝对责任,以及托运人责任是否转移等问题做出分析。
Abstract: In maritime transportation of goods, shipper’s obligation and responsibility on shipping the dangerous goods are of particularity. The provisions in Chinese law are relatively simple, and the theoretical study is not quite deeply yet. So combination with the British cases, this article tries to analyze the definition of the “dangerous goods”, whether the shipper has the strict responsibility, and the shift of the shipper’s responsibility on the dangerous goods.
关键词:危险货物、托运人、义务和责任、绝对责任、
Key Words: dangerous goods, shipper, the obligation and responsibility, the strict responsibility.
作为海上货物运输中与承运人相对的另一方当事人,不得擅自装运危险货物是托运人的一项绝对义务。与普通货物相比,由于危险货物的特殊性,各国立法对于托运人在托运危险品时都有特别的义务要求,对于托运人在违反该项义务时所应承担的相应责任也作了特殊规定。调整海上货物运输合同的《海牙规则》第4条第6款和《汉堡规则》第13条都对承运人运输危险货物时的责任作了特别规定。我国《
海商法》第
68条也对于托运人托运危险货物的义务和责任作出了规定。与托运人的其他义务[1]相比,托运人的这项义务表现出明显的独特性。因此,明确托运人在托运危险货物时应承担的义务与责任,不仅有理论意义,更有实践价值。
一、对于“危险货物”(dangerous goods)的理解